Tuesday, January 29, 2013

24. TIME AS PSYCHOLOGICAL ORDER

24. TIME AS PSYCHOLOGICAL ORDER

Time as Psychological Order
       When the earth was without form and blank, Christ was the concept of Order in the mind of God before He became a spoken Word.[1] When the Concept became a Word, Christ was that Word. When God spoke that Word, the Word issued forth as Light. This was the process of the birth of the Firstborn from the mind of God. Christ is not only the Light of the World, but is the universal and primordial Light that initiated Time.
       The impression of Light created Pattern, form and order in the earth. Moses was to “make all things according to the Pattern.” Just as God had created form and order in the earth through Patterns of Light from the heavens, so was Moses to copy that Pattern in all of the works which God instructed him to do. Although this Pattern is a much more comprehensive concept than what we call “time,” it includes it. It is the influence of the ideal order of things, the force of irresistible power, and the impress of heaven upon earth.
       The Pattern is manifest by order in all things, for example, time, (i.e. the calendar), the order of space, (i.e. cartography), the social order of law, the mental order of wisdom, the bodily order of health. This Pattern of creative Light is Christ, the mystery hidden until the New Testament era.
Logos: The Greeks aspired to this world view through their concept of logos, but logos falls short of the full impact of the Biblical unity of Time and Light. This Unity of Light and Time is expressed in the term Urim ve Thummim and that term becomes one word in the written form ‘oth, (aleph ve tau), Alpha and Omega, the Beginning and the End. (See “Alpha and Omega,” Commentary on Revelation 1:8.)
       There are some facts about light which will illustrate why it is such a fitting symbol of Christ. Light has physical and spiritual qualities as well as psychological effects. The physical properties of light are the creative forces of the material world; the spiritual qualities are faith, hope and love; the psychological effects are those of orientation in time and space. The Book of Revelation shows Christ in these roles.[2]
       In the physical sense, all that is created was created by light, and all energy or power comes ultimately from light in some form. For example, as the source of photosynthesis, light causes plants to grow, develop and produce after their kind; plants, in turn, feed animals and human life. Past ages of light have generated the energy of fossil fuels by which we now have electric lights.
       The psychological effects of light are for orientation in time and space. For orientation in space, sight, the faculty by which we navigate and understand our world, is made possible by light. Sight may be physical or intellectual. Understanding and wisdom are the internalization of the physical phenomenon of an experience of light. Commonly, the term “I see” means “I understand.” A wise man who understands the higher mysteries is called a “seer.” The spiritual effects of Light orient us to the immaterial world which is seen by faith, grasped by hope and experienced by love.
Orientation:   Orientation in time and space requires a center or focal point. Christ is not only that Light that proceeds forth from God, but is also that Point of Light which remains steady throughout the ages and which, therefore, can serve as a reference point in regard to all else in this shifting universe. “Jesus Christ, the same, yesterday, today, and forever.”[3]
       From the perspective of the earth, the natural point of light which appears to remain constantly in place while the entire universe turns about it is the pole star.[4] The pole star has served as the point of reference for orientation in time and space since the dawn of history. Charts of the apparent heavens use it to mark the meridian lines from which the whole heavens and earth can be described. Navigators on land, sea and air have guided themselves by it. Architectural and engineering projects have been oriented by means of it. Surveys of the earth’s surface use it as a prime reference point.
       But the heavens are in an apparent, ordered, constant motion that continually circles the pole. Other celestial objects might be said to have their “year,” that is, their period of time in which they go forth and return to their same apparent position in regard to other celestial positions. For example, there is the sun year of 365+ days, the moon year of 354+ days, and the various “years” of the stars and planets. It may be said, however, that the “year” of the pole star is eternal, for it remains in the same place constantly. It is both the constancy of the pole star and the regularity of these circlings that make counting of time possible.
       Only recently have the universal dimensions of time become popularly known through publicity surrounding the space programs. But the view of the cosmos as a mechanical process must be surrendered if we are to interpret Biblical time correctly. We must rather view time as universal Patterns of Light, declaring the glory of God to the world.
Biological Order: There is also a biological aspect of time and light, a subjective, innate awareness that is both physical and psychological. The effects of time and light upon the biological creation are incalculable although poorly understood. We can speak of our “body clocks” that determine our sleeping and waking patterns and which are disturbed, for example, when one suffers “jet lag” after a long journey by plane. Insects, birds, and other animals navigate and migrate by reference to light and the changing light of the seasons. Plants, too, blossom and set fruit according to the patterns of light they experience. The whole range of the effects of time and light upon us is not yet known.
       So Christ, too, was “made flesh” and became subject to the earthly biological experience of time. In doing so He revealed the profound hidden mystery of Time, the unity of heaven and earth.


[1] The order of language is syntax.
[2] See my Commentary at 1:11-20 "Visions of God.”  In this vision of Christ, He is at the center of the universe, holding the "seven stars" in His hand.
[3] Malina, Genre and Message, 266. He sees Christ as the polokrator, the power that turns the universe (ibid. 73). He suggests that moderns who face an ever-expanding cosmos can find wholeness and "at home-ness" in the idea that God is the center of the universe.
[4] The pole star has been known as the aleph star since the earliest records. The letter aleph in Hebrew is also used as the numeral one. In late Hebrew the aleph with a mark over it is the number 1,000. The term "thousand years" may well be the translation of the Hebrew aleph with the mark over it, meaning 1,000 eternal, or aleph years. Since each of the aleph years, or, that is, the years of the pole star, are eternal, the phrase means 'forever.'  Christ will reign for 1,000 eternal years. This is consistent with many other Scriptures; for example, Luke 1:33b: "And of His kingdom there shall be no end."  Isaiah 9:7a: "Of the increase of His government and of peace there will be no end." This view makes the millennial question irrelevant. (See Commentary at 20:2 “Thousand Years.”)

This lesson is an edited excerpt from my book Revelation In Context, available at the Living Word Bookstore in Shawnee, Oklahoma and also online at www.Amazon.com and www.xulonpress.com
Free downloads are available at www.revelationincontext.blogspot.com.


Tuesday, January 22, 2013

23. TIME AS THE PATTERN OF THE HEAVENS



23. TIME AS THE PATTERN OF THE HEAVENS
     Jesus Christ is the Light of the World! Be sure to review last week's lesson Christ as Light, "the Firstborn of Every Creature." Then God created Time when He created the sun, moon and stars, symbols of the Original Light.
     Come on! Take a little time and meditate on this. It will bless you greatly! And you will be prepared to see Christ in His exalted role of Light and Time. May you receive this revelation, in Jesus' Name. Amen.

Concepts Of Time
       The concept of time is most troublesome in interpreting and translating the Bible. It is futile to deal with verb tense outside of the system within which it must work. For example, in English we view time through the metaphor of a line. We therefore view verbs as having tense related to a position on a time-line from past, through present, to future. We can hardly grasp the concept of anything other than linear time. Yet it seems that Biblical Hebrew and Greek verbs do not altogether fit the model of linear time.[1]
       The idea is sometimes put forward that the only alternative to linear time is circular or cyclical time, as expressed through the metaphor of the wheel. While there are cultures that hold the cyclical view of time, there is, however, another alternative and that is what I believe we will find to be the Biblical view of time. That is the integration of the two:  Time as both a line and a circle, or, as both an arrow and a cycle.[2]
       Not only do the Scriptures recognize both the arrow and the cycle of time, but the record of Biblical events shows that they are not only events in time and space, but also in another dimension that transcends this world order. They are at once both historical and cosmic, literal and spiritual.
       As a system time includes both, (a) the philosophy of time and (b) the method, or formula, for time-reckoning. The philosophy of time within a culture could well be called its world view, for it is in the philosophy of time that the entire cosmos is brought into an integrated system. Time-reckoning is the objective demonstration of the subjective philosophy, therefore the linguistic expressions of time-reckoning can indicate what the background metaphors are.
       In the Biblical Hebrew culture, time-reckoning was the prerogative of the priesthood. In later Rabbinic Judaism, the Jerusalem Sanhedrin of seventy men was given the exclusive right to determine the year, its beginning, and the times of the appointed feasts. This same body was made the keeper and repository of the oral law, (CNT, vol. 4, 102-3).[3]
       What is time? Time is the signature of Light. As God is Light, time is His written Name, but just as a name differs from a signature, so the Name of God is greater than the concept of time.[4]
       Time is the impress of light upon the physical world. Through this impress of time, we have a likeness by which to speak of the power of God’s Name in the earth, both spiritual and natural. As we can only speak of spiritual things through some kind of analogy with natural things, so it is the relationship of time to light that furnishes the analog for relating the Name of God to God Himself.
       Time is the silent, invisible factor in every calculation that determines the ultimate outcome. The final judgment of deeds is their result when multiplied by time.[5] Every true vision of literal reality takes into account the effects of time. Woe to the soul who lives only for ephemeral pleasures! Woe to the generation that lives only for the present! Woe to the nation that has no long-range policies! The message of the Bible is that Man is an eternal being – one who must weigh every decision in the light of eternal time.
       The basic elements of time-reckoning in every culture in the world are based upon the same movements of sun, moon, stars[6] and planets although with adjustments for latitude and longitude. Secondary elements of time-telling are found in prominent seasonal characteristics of each local culture. For example, in the development of the calendar in Egypt, the rising of the Nile came each year in connection with the rising of the star Sirius. Time-reckoning is therefore basically a formula rather than a paradigm.
Cosmology
       To speak of Biblical time is to speak of cosmology. Webster defines cosmology as: “That branch of metaphysics which treats of the character of the universe as an orderly system, or cosmos.” This system, or world view, is described and expressed in various cultures by their calendar.[7] In the era of the writing of the Book of Revelation, there was disagreement among Jewish groups as to which was the proper calendar. Some believed the moon calendar was appropriate and some the sun calendar. This was no mere academic debate but was a serious theological problem.
       Cosmology is the deep structure of time. The surface structure may be expressed in terms of one system or the other among numerous possible systems.[8] The way time is expressed within a culture, however, is a system wherein the relationship of the parts is of the very essence. In a time-telling system, the parts are related with precision, as in a fine clock, so that a part cannot be perfectly understood outside the system, and the system does not work without all its parts or with parts substituted from a different system.
       The Biblical view of the universe is not the modern view based upon the systems of our Roman calendar or that of space exploration. While we consider our view more scientifically correct, theirs was more functional psychologically and biologically, (see below). These differences in world view systems make translation of time-concepts almost impossible without some background information about the system.
       Cosmology for time-telling purposes is based exclusively upon the observable phenomena of the movements of the heavenly bodies in relationship to the earth. It is based upon the appearance of how these various movements relate to each other. It is the system of apparent, observable, constantly recurring cycles. Modern readers who read indoors fail to comprehend the actual dimensions of the time-telling universe.[9] The observation point is the earth, and so it might be said to be an earth-centered cosmology, whereas modern space exploration is based upon the knowledge of galactic systems within the universe. Our Roman calendar is based upon one of the possible systems of time-telling, and is a very good system. Like all other time-telling systems, it is based upon apparent, observable phenomena. Yet, it is not the same system as the Biblical one. (See also Commentary at 1:4 “Asia.”)
Time As The Pattern of the Heavens
       Time, as a Biblical concept, is not an external mechanical process but an organic relationship of earth’s conformity to the “Pattern of the Heavens.” This “Pattern” represents the ideal, the pure, the true, the incorruptible, the immortal. God’s perfect Pattern is shown in the Heavens and should govern in our daily lives: “Thy will be done on earth as it is in Heaven.”
       An important aspect of true religion is not merely to mark the times through periodic observances, but rather, by a constant lifestyle and attitude to conform to the image of God; not to worship one or the other, or even all of the heavenly bodies or phenomena, but to walk in a total conformity to the Pattern. It is Man’s vocation and recreation to learn and to take dominion over the whole earth in conformity to the Pattern of the Heavens.
       The whole earth is imprinted by the Pattern: “[The earth] is turned as clay to the seal,” (Job 38:14). Just as the soft clay or wax responded to the impress of the signet seal, so the earth responds to the turning heavens, making day and night, creating seasonal changes, bringing forth herbs, grasses, and grains, producing fruits and fat cattle; then, dying, it is covered by snows and softened by rains.
       The earth reflects the heavens. Just as the vast oceans mirror the heavens, so also Man should reflect as a mirror the pure image of God. He is impressed and molded by the stamp of God’s Name seal upon him. The great truth that the earth was created as an image or reflection of the heavens underlies the Biblical text and its world view.[10] The whole Bible is informed by it; etymology and philology of Biblical words can be enhanced by it; interpretation and translation can be greatly aided by reference to this view. It is a unifying view – all things become a uni-verse, – at one. It is an exalted view, lifting the earthly to an ideal purpose. It is a productive view, bringing the power of times and seasons into the service of the labors of Mankind, but most of all furnishing a comprehensive analog for the universal relationship of God and Man, and exalting the Man Christ Jesus.
This lesson is an edited excerpt from my book Revelation In Context. My book is available at the Living Word Bookstore in Shawnee, Oklahoma. Also available at www.Amazon.com.or www.xulonpress.com . Free downloads are available at www.revelationincontext.sermon.net.

[1] See also Stanley E. Porter, "Verbal Aspect in NT Greek and Bible Translation, A Review of Research," Tic Talk, (Newsletter of the United Bible Societies Translation Information Clearinghouse, No. 15, Spring, 1991), 1-3.
[2] See Steven Jay Gould, Time's Arrow, Time's Cycle: Myth and Metaphor in the Discovery of Geological Time, (Cambridge, Mass. and London, England, Harvard University Press, 1987), 16-19; 72-79; 150-201; 206-08.
[3] It seems clear that what became known as the "oral law," which the Rabbis enlarged and prostituted to their own fleshly wills and emotions, was originally only the lûach, or calendar reckoning information given to Moses on the mount. Since this information was very precise, in exacting detail, and complicated, it remained somewhat of a mystery to those untaught in its intricacies.
     It was unlawful, according to their traditions, to intercalate the year anywhere except in Judea. But even though Lydda was a part of Judea, they were not skilful in "the law," that is, the law of the motions of the heavens that determined the calendar. Lightfoot, Vol. 1, p. 39, quotes from the Jerusalem tractate Sanhedrin: "Is not Lydda a part of Judea? Yes, saith he. Wherefore then do they not transact the intercalation of the year there? – Because they are obstinate, and unskillful in the law."
     The method of reckoning could be established, but the continuing application of the calendar knowledge must be an on-going process, a matter of observation.
[4] W. F. Albright says that the high gods of ancient times may all be related through the concept of Light. He gives the names from many cultures of gods that may be related to Semitic El. The root meaning of the Indo-European words connect them with heaven through the concept of Light, (From Stone Age to Christianity, Garden City, New York, Doubleday, 3rd edition, 1962).
[5] It is no accident that the term for multiplication is ‘times.’
[6] 2 Esdras 6:45-6 shows the traditional view concerning the creation of time by reference to the sun, moon, and stars: "'On the fourth day thou didst command the brightness of the sun, the light of the moon, and the arrangement of the stars to come into being; and thou didst command them to serve man, who was about to be formed.”
   2 Esdras 6:7 shows that the "dividing of times" means "the end of the first age and the beginning of the age that follows" (ibid.).
[7] "Different Jewish groups had different notions of what the correct calendar was. The calendar represented not only a view of the fundamental nature of reality, but also a practical guide for the observances of the temple cult and the festivals of the religious year," (Adele Yarbro Collins, Cosmology and Eschatology in Jewish and Christian Apocalypticism, Leiden, New York, Köln, E.J. Brill. 1996, p. 10).
[8] The almost infinite variety of possibilities for expressing time are documented and suggested in Martin Nilsson's Primitive Time Reckoning, Acta Societas Humaniorum Litterarum Ludensis Lund, C.W.K. Gleerup; (Longdon, Humphrey Milford; Paris, Edouard Champion; Leipzig, O. Harrassowitz, Oxford University Press; 920, Second edition 1960). Hereafter cited in text.
[9] Malina, Genre and Message, 266. Malina says: "Unlike most persons in industrialized society, the ancients could clearly see the sky in all its starry fullness. For them, the sky was an interactive part of their daily living" (ibid. p. xv).
[10] Neugebauer shows that in Babylonian mathematics of the Hammurabi period there was a strong concept of similarity, (congruence), which later led to geometric calculations. The concept of ratio and proportion followed this idea of similarity. The germ of the idea lies in this tradition of the likeness of heaven and earth (O. Neugebauer, Exact Sciences In Antiquity, Princeton, New Jersey, Princeton University Press, 1952, p. 45. Hereafter cited in text.